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【中华优秀传统文化】“红色印记”翻译团之二十四节气——冬至

2025-01-10 12:20:00  点击:[]

冬至过节源于汉代,盛于唐宋,相沿至今。《清嘉录》甚至有冬至大如年之说。这表明古人对冬至十分重视。人们认为冬至是阴阳二气的自然转化,是上天赐予的福气。汉朝以冬至为冬节,官府要举行祝贺仪式称为贺冬,例行放假。《后汉书》中有这样的记载:冬至前后,君子安身静体,百官绝事,不听政,择吉辰而后省事。所以这天朝庭上下要放假休息,军队待命,边塞闭关,商旅停业,亲朋各以美食相赠,相互拜访,欢乐地过一个安身静体的节日。那么,你知道冬至的英文该怎么说吗?

冬至(英语:winter solstice),二十四节气之一,是中华民族的传统节日。冬至在太阳到达黄经270°时开始,时于每年公历1222日左右。冬至是中国传统二十四节气(the 24 traditional Chinese solar terms)中的第二十二个节气,英文表达为Winter Solstice。冬至当天,太阳几乎直射南回归线(Tropic of Capricorn),北半球将经历一年中最短的白天和最长的黑夜。


Ancient China did pay great attention to this holiday, regarding it as a big event. There was the saying that "Winter solstice holiday is greater than the spring festival".




冬至Winter Solstice


“solstice”这个词我们不太看到,因为它的意思很特别,表示“the time of either the longest day in the year (about June 22) or the shortest day in the year (about December 22)”。一年中最长的一天(大约622日)或是一年中最短的一天(大约1222日)。

这么看来,这个词的用武之地似乎局限性很大了。基本上也就用在Winter Solstice(冬至)以及Summer Solstice(夏至)之处。




节气小百科


After this day, many places in China go through the coldest period, which is called in Chinese, “Shu Jiu”. In total, there are nine periods with nine days for each. In the first and second nine days, people keep their hands in pockets; in the third and fourth nine days, people can walk on ice; in the fifth and sixth nine days, people can see willows along the river bank; in the seventh and eighth nine days, the swallow comes back and in the ninth nine days, the yak starts working.

从冬至以后,中国的绝大部分地区都会经历最寒冷的时期,中国人叫它数九。这一共有九个时期,每个时期分别有九天。在一九二九,手放口袋就能避寒;三九四九,路上会结冰;五九六九,可以看到河岸边柳树抽芽了;在七九八九,燕子回归,在最后的九九,牛开始犁地。



冬至的传统习俗


Winter Solstice is a time for the family to get together. One activity that occurs during these get togethers (especially in the southern partsof China and in Chinese communities overseas) is the making and eating of Tangyuan or balls of glutinous rice, which symbolize reunion.

冬至是家族团聚的一天。在这天,中国南方的家庭会包汤圆、吃汤圆,以象征团圆的意思。不过在中国北方,似乎更多的人会吃饺子。比如说会有冬至到,吃水饺这样的谚语。

Particularly, in Northern China, people generally eat dumpling on the Winter Solstice , a custom signifying a warm winter. Extended family members may gather together to make dumplings. In Northern China, dumplings are commonly eaten with a dipping sauce made of vinegar and chili oil or paste, and occasionally with some soy sauce added in.

尤其是在中国北方,人们通常在冬至那天吃饺子,这是一个意味着温暖冬天的习俗。大家庭的成员可以聚在一起包饺子。在中国北方,饺子通常是蘸醋、辣油或酱汁吃的,有时还会加点酱油。




饺子是我们中国土生土长的独有物种,在英语中并没有100%对应的词汇,所以用“dumpling”来专指饺子,有点牵强。因此,在跟外国朋友介绍饺子的时候,可以说 Chinese dumpling,或者干脆直接用汉语拼音:Jiaozi表示。


作为一种家常菜,每个家庭都有自己喜欢的制作方法,使用自己喜欢的馅料,制作的种类和方法因地而异。

As a dish prepared at home, each family has its own preferred method of making them, using favorite fillings, with types and methods of preparation varying widely from region to region.

饺子常见的馅料有猪肉、羊肉、牛肉、鸡肉、鱼和虾,这些馅料通常与切碎的蔬菜混合在一起。常见的蔬菜馅料包括大白菜、葱、韭菜、芹菜、菠菜、蘑菇、黑木耳、胡萝卜和韭菜。

Common dumpling meat fillings include pork, mutton, beef, chicken, fish, and shrimp, which are usually mixed with chopped vegetables. Popular vegetable fillings include napa cabbage, scallion (spring onions), leek, celery, spinach, mushroom, edible black fungus, carrot, and garlic chives.

饺子的制作方法多种多样,包括烘烤、煮沸、煎炸、煨制或蒸制,世界上许多菜系都有饺子。

Dumplings may be prepared using a variety of methods, including baking, boiling, frying, simmering, or steaming, and are found in many world cuisines.


冬至吃汤圆,则是我国江南地区的传统习俗。

汤圆也称汤团,是一种用糯米粉制成的圆形甜品,意味着团圆圆满,所以冬至吃汤圆又叫冬至团

古人有诗云:家家捣米做汤圆,知是明朝冬至天。每逢冬至,南方各家各户都会做冬至团,不但自家人吃,亦会赠送亲友以表祝福之意,老上海人在冬至这天就是最讲究吃汤圆的。

上面介绍说到dumpling可以表示任何面皮裹馅儿的食物,因此,向外国人介绍汤圆的时候可以说sweetdumplings。当然,汤圆是我们中国人的传统美食,也可以直接用拼音Tang-yuan表示。


汤圆 sweet dumplings / Tang-Yuan


【例句】In China, people eat tangyuan (sticky riceballs) to symbolize family unity and harmony.

在中国,人们吃汤圆象征着家庭的团圆、和谐。

Eating soft dumplings in winter is verynice.

冬天吃些软糯的汤圆很幸福。


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下面,一起来了解更多关于冬至的知识吧



冬至节·

据历史学者介绍,3000多年前,周朝以日影最长的一天作为新一年的开始。从这个意义上说,冬至就是曾经的年。所以中国有句古话说:冬至大如年

As early as Zhou Dynasty, people worshipped the gods on the day of the Winter Solstice, which was also the first day of the new year. The Winter Solstice became a winter festival in Han Dynasty. The celebratory activities were officially organized. On this day, both officials and common people would have a rest.

早在周朝时期,人们会在冬至当日,也就是当时新年的第一天祭拜神灵。汉朝时,冬至成为了冬天的节日,朝廷会举行正式的庆祝活动。这一天,百官和庶民都会停工歇息。

在随后的朝代,如唐、宋、元朝,冬至这天要进行祭神祭祖。至明清时期,冬至依旧长盛不衰,民间又有肥冬瘦年之说,可见这一节气的重要。



吃坚果

隆冬来临,万物运转趋于停歇。在此期间,适当地吃点坚果,例如花生、核桃、栗子、榛子和杏仁,对身体有好处。


Traditional Chinese medical science teaches that the quality of a nut is tepidity and most nuts have the function of nourishing the kidneys and strengthening the brain and heart.

传统中医学认为,坚果性温,绝大多数坚果都有补肾、强心、健脑的功效。

吃饺子

冬至到,吃水饺。据说,冬至吃水饺的习俗是为纪念医圣张仲景。行医途中,他见沿途乡民饥寒交迫,耳生冻疮,便用羊肉等材料制成耳朵形状的娇耳,送给人们驱寒。这便是饺子的由来。


During Winter Solstice in North China, eating dumplings is essential to the festival. There is a saying that goes "Have dumplings on the day of Winter Solstice and noodles on the day of Summer Solstice."

在中国北方地区,吃饺子是冬至的关键活动。俗话说:冬至饺子夏至面。

还记得么,有些地区是立冬日吃饺子呢。你的家乡是哪个节气吃饺子呢?

羊肉粉丝汤

羊肉性温,味甘,具有温补气血的功效,是冬季进补的佳品。在宁夏回族自治区的银川地区,人们有冬至日喝羊肉粉汤的习俗。

On that day, it is customary for people there to eat mutton and vermicelli soup and soup dumplings. They give the midwinter soup a strange name: "brain"and share it with their neighbors.

在这天,人们有喝羊肉粉汤、吃汤饺的风俗。老百姓给这种冬至喝的汤起了一个奇怪的名字——“头脑,并把它们分给左邻右舍。

吃年糕

冬至期间,杭州人有吃年糕的传统,民间也流传着冬至吃年糕,年年都长高的俗语。古时,在冬至到来之前,家家户户都会打年糕来祭祀祖先,或当作礼品送给亲朋好友。

Today, though fewer families eat home-made rice cakes, people there still buy rice cakes for the Winter Solstice Festival.

如今,尽管少有家庭还会吃自制的年糕,但人们依然会买年糕来庆祝冬至节气。



中国人为什么重视冬至


其实,从中国文化方面讲,冬至这个日子还可以翻译成“Dongzhi Festival”,中国人为什么比较重视这个节气?

The origins of this festival can be traced back to the yin and yang philosophy of balance and harmony in the cosmos. After this celebration, there will be days with longer daylight hours and therefore an increase in positive energy flowing in.

原来是和阴阳相关。人们认为,过了这一天,白昼一天比一天长了,是一个节气循环的开始,气逐渐回升,因此算是个吉利的日子。



饺子馅的美好寓意


芹菜馅代表,意为勤密源源不断,谓之勤财,是对远远不断的物质财富的祈福,对勤劳、务实的祝福。

韭菜馅代表,意为对天长地久的祈福,但愿人长久,健康、和睦、快乐、幸福。

白菜馅代表,意为对百样之财的祈福,亦或是对新婚燕尔白头偕老的美好祝愿。

香菇馅代表,有饱鼓之意,表达了长辈对晚辈一种出人头地的美好祝愿,现代的意义更加深刻,香菇的形状如同向上的箭头,代指股票大盘势。

油菜馅代表,意为祝福你有财,更祝你有才。

酸菜馅代表,钱多到要算上一个晚上该是多有钱呢?表达了对选择的祝福,我们常讲选择大于努力,愿亲戚朋友都能有个好的选择,选择好。

大枣馅代表,意为招财进宝,祝愿在新的一年里红红火火,招气十足。

野菜馅,即野外,意为绿色、健康的意外之财。

蔬菜馅蔬菜即为素馅、菜馅,有接财纳福之意,谓之财神到了。

甜馅代表,有增加、增添之意,更与天才谐音,有添财的祝福意味!



关于冬至的相关英语


【习俗】custom /ˈkʌs.təm/ 习俗 [n.]

【饺子】:Dumplings , Chinese meat ravioli, Jiaozi

【馄饨】:Wonton, dumplings in soup

【米团】:Rice dumpling

【长线面】:Long noodle

【冬至】winter solstice / Dongzhi

【汤圆】 Tangyuan Glutinous rice ball / rice ball

【二十四节气】 24 Solar Terms

【冬至祭祖】:Offering a Sacrifice to the Ancestors on the Winter Solstice

24节气英语表达

立春 the Beginning of Spring

雨水 Rain Water2nd solar term

惊蜇 the Waking of Insects3rd solar term

春分 the Spring Equinox 4th solar term

清明 Pure Brightness 5th solar term

谷雨 Grain Rain 6th solar teram

立夏 the Beginning of Summer 7th solar term

小满 Lesser Fullness of Grain 8th solar term

芒种 Grain in Beard 9th solar term

夏至 the Summer Solstice 10th solar term

小暑 Lesser Heat 11th solar term

大暑 Greater Heat 12th solar term

立秋 the Beginning of Autumn 13th solar term

处暑 the End of Heat 14th solar term

白露 White Dew 15th solar term

秋分 the Autumn Equinox 16th solar term

寒露 Cold Dew 17th solar term

霜降 Frost's Descent 18th solar term

立冬 the Beginning of Winter 19th solar term

小雪 Lesser Snow 20th solar term

大雪 Greater Snow 21th solar term

冬至 the Winter Solstice 22th solar term

小寒 Lesser Cold 23th solar term

大寒 Greater Cold 24th solar term